Ask the expert: What does the phrase "just culture" mean?

The goal of the just culture is to assign the consequences for an unsafe act in a fair way based on an understanding of an individual’s accountability and responsibilities within the context of the systems and circumstances that the individual was operating.
 
The just culture is not a blame-free culture. It merely tries to provide a consistent guide to determine 1) when a person is truly at fault for a specific act and 2) reasonable consequences that will best serve the individual’s and the organization’s interests in the long run.

The four key categories of fault in a just culture are:

• Human error: Unintended slips, lapses, and mistakes
• Negligent conduct: Failure to exercise care expected of a prudent worker
• Reckless conduct: Conscious disregard for a known risk
• Knowing violations: conscious disregard for known rules

To guide managers and organizations when making fair decisions, decision algorithms have been developed. These algorithms typically ask a series of questions:
 

1. Were the actions intended?
2. Was the person under the influence of unauthorized substances?
3. Did the person knowingly violate existing policies, procedures, or expectations?
4. Would another person in the same situation perform in the same manner?
5. Does this person have a history of unsafe acts?

Based on the answers those questions, the medical staff may offer the physician consoling, coaching, counseling, or progressive discipline, or it may terminate the physician or implement system changes.

This week’s question and answer are from Effective Peer Review: A Practical Guide to Contemporary Design by Robert Marder, MD, CMSL; Mark Smith, MD, MBA, FACS; and Richard Sheff, MD, CMSL.