Rheumatology is the subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. Rheumatic diseases—which typically cause pain, swelling, disability, deformity, and/or loss of function in the affected area—incldue...
Undersea and hyperbaric medicine is a unique subspecialty of emergency medicine that involves the therapeutic use of oxygen under pressure to treat disease. The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society defines hyperbaric oxygen treatment as an intervention in which an individual breathes near-100...
Sleep medicine entails having expertise in the diagnosis and management of sleep-related clinical conditions, including circadian rhythm disorders. This subspecialty includes the clinical assessment, polysomnographic evaluation, and treatment of sleep disorders, including insomnias, disorders of...
Infectious disease is a subspecialty of internal medicine that involves the diagnosis, management, and prevention of infections in patients of all ages. Infectious disease physicians diagnose and treat diseases of all types in all organ systems. These diseases result from infections, including...
Sports medicine is a multidisciplinary subspecialty that focuses on the prevention, evaluation, diagnosis, and nonsurgical treatment of athletes and other physically active individuals. Generally, sports medicine physicians, also called sports medicine specialists, diagnose and provide...
Internal medicine is a specialty that involves the study and practice of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, care, and treatment of men and women, while healthy and through acute and chronic illnesses. Internists mainly practice adult medicine and have received training that...
Hand surgery is a surgical subspecialty focused on congenital and acquired defects of the hand and wrist that compromise the function of the hand. Many hand surgeons are also experts in diagnosing and caring for shoulder and elbow problems. Hand surgeons—generally orthopedic, plastic, or general...
Medical toxicology is a clinical subspecialty that focuses on the prevention, evaluation, treatment, and monitoring of injury and illness from exposures to drugs and chemicals, as well as biological and radiological agents. Medical toxicologists treat people for toxic...
Surgical critical care is a subspecialty of surgery that manages complex surgical and medical problems in critically ill surgical patients. The education of surgeons in the practice of surgical critical care encompasses didactic instruction in the basic and clinical sciences of surgical diseases...
A general surgeon has principal expertise in the diagnosis and care of patients with diseases and disorders affecting the abdomen, digestive tract, endocrine system, breast, skin, and blood vessels. Additionally, general surgeons are trained in the care of pediatric and cancer patients, as well...
