Nuclear medicine is a specialized area of radiology that uses radioactive and stable tracers (radiopharmaceuticals) to study patients’ physiological, biochemical, and cellular processes for diagnosis, therapy, or research. Nuclear medicine physicians use noninvasive techniques to gather medical...

Urology is the surgical specialty that focuses on diseases of the male and female urinary tract, as well as the male reproductive organs. Urologists are also referred to as genitourinary surgeons (the organs of reproduction and urination together are often referred to as the genitourinary tract...

Maternal and fetal medicine (MFM), also known as perinatology, is the subspecialty of OB/GYN that focuses on complicated pregnancies. According to the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), an MFM specialist requires advanced knowledge of the obstetrical, medical, genetic, and surgical...

According to the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN), child neurologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders of the neonatal period, infancy, early childhood, and adolescence. These physicians have a firm grasp of general neurology, which involves the...

Medical toxicology is a clinical subspecialty that focuses on the prevention, evaluation, treatment, and monitoring of injury and illness from exposures to drugs and chemicals, as well as biological and radiological agents. Medical toxicologists treat people for toxic substances ingested in food...

Undersea and hyperbaric medicine is a unique subspecialty of emergency medicine that involves the therapeutic use of oxygen under pressure to treat disease. The Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) defines hyperbaric oxygen treatment as an intervention in which an individual breathes...

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