Pediatric anesthesiology is an American Board of Medical Specialties–recognized subspecialty of anesthesiology that is concerned with providing anesthesia care for neonates, infants, children, and adolescents undergoing a wide variety of surgical, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures. The...
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). Reproductive endocrinologists are OB/GYNs who are capable of managing complex problems relating to REI, according to the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG). These physicians...
Bone marrow is the soft, sponge-like material found inside bones that contains immature cells known as hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells, according to the National Cancer Institute. Bone marrow transplantation is done to restore stem cells that have been destroyed with high doses of...
Oculofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery (OPRS) is a very specialized form of ophthalmology that focuses on the face, eyelids, brow, orbital bones, tear duct system, and nose. During a two-year fellowship, surgeons are trained in aesthetic and reconstructive facial surgery.
Occupational and environmental medicine (OEM), sometimes referred to simply as occupational medicine, is a clinical and population-based medical specialty devoted to the prevention and management of occupational and environmental injury, illness, and disability, as well as the promotion of the...
Acupuncture is one of the oldest medical practices in the world, originating in traditional Chinese medicine, and is most commonly used to treat chronic pain, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). This technique involves the insertion of extremely...
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a breathing test that helps measure how well a patient moves air in and out of his or her lungs, and how well oxygen is entering the body, according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS). PFTs are often used to gauge diseases such as asthma, chronic...
Endocrinology is the subspecialty of internal medicine and pediatrics concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and investigation of disorders of the endocrine or ductless glands and other metabolic systems. The endocrine system includes the hypothalamus, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal...
Clinical cardiac electrophysiology (CCEP) is the subspecialty of internal medicine focused on the treatment of patients with complex heart rhythm or conduction abnormalities (i.e., problems with the heart’s electrical system). Clinical cardiac electrophysiologists treat patients with conditions...
The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) defines physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also referred to as physiatry or rehabilitation medicine, as the medical specialty concerned with evaluating, diagnosing, and treating patients with physical disabilities. According to the...
