Breast ultrasound, also called breast sonography, is a noninvasive procedure that uses reflected sound waves to view and produce a picture of the breast’s internal structures. A handheld device called a transducer is passed over the breast, converting sound waves into electrical impulses....
Bone marrow is the soft, sponge-like material found inside bones that contains immature cells known as hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells, according to the National Cancer Institute. Bone marrow transplantation is done to restore stem cells that have been destroyed with high doses of...
Oculofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery (OPRS) is a very specialized form of ophthalmology that focuses on the face, eyelids, brow, orbital bones, tear duct system, and nose. During a two-year fellowship, surgeons are trained in aesthetic and reconstructive facial surgery.
Acupuncture is one of the oldest medical practices in the world, originating in traditional Chinese medicine, and is most commonly used to treat chronic pain, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). This technique involves the insertion of extremely...
Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a breathing test that helps measure how well a patient moves air in and out of his or her lungs, and how well oxygen is entering the body, according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS). PFTs are often used to gauge diseases such as asthma, chronic...
Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy involves the insertion of a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) to allow visual examination of the interior of the bronchi. Common reasons for bronchoscopy include recurrent lung collapse, bleeding, lung spots, and infections.
A laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) is a procedure commonly used to help patients who suffer from gastrointestinal esophageal reflux disease. The surgery reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter (the area between the esophagus and the stomach) to prevent backflow of gastric acids into...
Virtual colonoscopy or computed tomography (CT) colonography is a technique that uses a CT scanner and computer software to look at the bowel or colon to detect polyps. Polyps are small growths in the colon that may become cancerous if not removed. The technique offers an alternative to...
Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure in which the physician uses an endoscope that has a light and camera, allowing for a color view of the digestive tract. Air is pumped through the endoscope to allow for better viewing. There are many different procedures that are...
Stereotactic core-cut breast biopsy (SCCB) is a mammographically guided, core needle biopsy. Physicians use the procedure to evaluate non-palpable suspicious breast lesions. A minimally invasive procedure, SCCB is a good alternative to surgical biopsy because in most cases it results in little,...
