Stereotactic core-cut breast biopsy (SCCB) is a mammographically guided, core needle biopsy. Physicians use the procedure to evaluate non-palpable suspicious breast lesions. A minimally invasive procedure, SCCB is a good alternative to surgical biopsy because it usually results in little (if any...

Breast reconstruction is a surgical procedure designed to restore a patient’s breast to its normal shape and size. It is commonly performed after a patient undergoes a mastectomy following a cancer diagnosis, but it can also be used to repair breasts after a lumpectomy or breast trauma,...

Pulmonary function testing (PFT), or lung function testing, is a breathing test that helps measure how well a patient moves air in and out of their lungs, and how well oxygen is entering their body, according to the American Lung Association. PFTs are often used to gauge diseases such as asthma...

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat patients suffering from the debilitating pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. Compression fractures can be caused by osteoporosis, a spinal injury, spinal tumors, or multiple myeloma. The procedure...

The term intravenous (IV) sedation is used to describe the type of anesthesia resulting in the loss of protective reflexes of the patient, but not in unconsciousness, as with general anesthesia. There are different levels of sedation: minimal, moderate, and deep. An anesthesiologist chooses the...

Cardiac pacing and arrhythmia management involves the use of an implantable device to regulate a patient’s abnormal or irregular heartbeat. According to the American Heart Association (AHA), a heartbeat of less than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia; a heartbeat of more than 100 beats...

Cardiac computerized tomography (CT) angiography is a diagnostic exam that uses an advanced X-ray device along with IV contrast dye to allow the physician to see a 3D image of the heart and vessels. This noninvasive exam is often used to identify narrowed or blocked arteries, which can create...

Balloon kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure performed to treat painful spinal compression fractures, also known as vertebral compression fractures. It is performed on patients who have compression fractures of a vertebra that has significant osteoporosis. Compression fractures can be...

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